The idea of revivir extinguished species that Steven Spielberg shaped in `Jurásico' Park every time is more close. Not with dinosaurios, but with animal like the mammoth and the tiger of Tasmania. Some experts advance that in 20 years they will have to point the technique.

The efficiency to clonar species cheers at present is extraordinarily low. As much in ewes, as in cows or rabbits, the experiments go up to around percentage of success among 1% and 3% of the attempts. It was not to be strange that first bucardo rescued by the DNA nothing else died to be born. “The cloning of bucardo served to demonstrate that the genetic matter that we have kept has capacity to originate alive bucardos by means of cloning techniques”, it clarifies Folch. For it, the receiving mothers of the embryos thus clonados - rent mothers must be next genetically to the extinguished species, with a period of similar gestation.

Like the tiger of Tasmania, bucardo disappeared by the human pressure. Therefore, exists a moral obligation on the part of science to try to give back the life to him like species? “I believe that ethically he is correct to try to clonar bucardo, although is not urgent”, responds Folch. “Since we know that the kept genetic matter is valid, we can hope to that the technique is more efficient and cheap”. For this expert, the urgent thing is to dedicate bottoms to conserve the genetic matter, cells and weaves, of species in disappearance danger anywhere in the world, in order to develop “programs of conservation based on the cloning”. In the future, not it doubt, the techniques will improve their yield.

Of parallel form, the technology to secuenciar fossil DNA has evolved of a so spectacular form in these last three years, that, without fear to fall in the sensationalism, we can affirm that the scene of Jurassic Park - the prehistoric animal cloning approaches the real world little by little: the fleecy mammoth. At the end of the last year, the biologist Stephan Schuster, of the University of Pensilvania (the USA), astonished to the world when presenting/displaying the almost complete sequence of this popular paquidermo, taken literally by the hairs from the long shelter of the animal. “One thought that it was impossible to secuenciar his genome, but has been a change in the paradigm. Between 2005 and 2006 people it began to think that it was possible, and the past winter we showed that it could be obtained on the scale of a complete genome. Now, while we spoke, we are finishing the sequence with a level of reliability like the one of any modern genome”.

The profit of the team of doctor Folch when clonar to bucardo was possible partly because it was had DNA nuclei (organized around the corresponding chromosomes) to be used like donors. The genetic ones must learn to become constructors of chromosomes, but already the first steps occur. The genetic Craig Venter obtained a world-wide impact makes few years when presenting/displaying the first artificial chromosome of a bacterium with all the ready specifications to work. So, for Schuster, the question does not reside in if it is possible to be obtained, but when. “Perhaps in five years it is had the technology that now we do not have. I feel like optimist”. And without wanting to project dates and terms, the question is: we would have to do it? “I do not believe that we have a moral obligation, but somebody asks to me if it would put objections to do it, would say to him that no. a mammoth is not a dangerous bacterium, nor would proliferate by all the planet as if outside a plague like the rabbits brought from the United Kingdom to Australia”. The ecological scene of mamuts continues being Siberia, a uninhabited place. It is not a madness to think that someday of this century the man places mamuts there again.

Source: www.elpais.es